General Citation Style
Here are some examples of Chicago Style citation, which is most commonly used in historical research. If you have more questions, check out Purdue OWL which has additional resources and sample papers. Make sure you properly cite sources you use. Using information without citing it is called plagiarism and it's considered stealing. Feel free to contact us for additional help.
General Format
Template Footnote or Endnote:
1. First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
Template Bibliographic Entry:
Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
(Bibliography Entries has a hanging indent.)
Footnote or Endnote:
1. Salman Rushdie, Joseph Anton: A Memoir (New York: Random House, 2012).
(Just the first line of the footnote is indented.)
Bibliography Entry:
Rushdie, Salman. Joseph Anton: A Memoir. New York: Random House, 2012.
(Bibliography Entries has a hanging indent.)
1. First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
Template Bibliographic Entry:
Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
(Bibliography Entries has a hanging indent.)
Footnote or Endnote:
1. Salman Rushdie, Joseph Anton: A Memoir (New York: Random House, 2012).
(Just the first line of the footnote is indented.)
Bibliography Entry:
Rushdie, Salman. Joseph Anton: A Memoir. New York: Random House, 2012.
(Bibliography Entries has a hanging indent.)
Image or Photo
Footnote or Endnote:
1. Henri Cartier-Bresson, Juvisy, France, 1938, Museum of Modern Art, New York City, moma.org.
(Just the first line of the footnote is indented.)
Bibliography Entry:
Cartier-Bresson, Henri. Juvisy, France. 1938. Museum of Modern Art, New York City. moma.org.
(Bibliography Entries has a hanging indent.)
1. Henri Cartier-Bresson, Juvisy, France, 1938, Museum of Modern Art, New York City, moma.org.
(Just the first line of the footnote is indented.)
Bibliography Entry:
Cartier-Bresson, Henri. Juvisy, France. 1938. Museum of Modern Art, New York City. moma.org.
(Bibliography Entries has a hanging indent.)
Article in a Newspaper
From a Website
Footnote or Endnote:
1. David Brown, "New Burden of Disease Study Shows World's People Living Longer but with More Disability," Washington Post, December 13, 2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com/.
(Just the first line of the footnote is indented.)
Bibliography Entry:
Brown, David. "New Burden of Disease Study Shows World's People living Longer but with More Disability." Washington Post, December 13, 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/.
(Bibliography Entries has a hanging indent.)
Footnote or Endnote:
1. David Brown, "New Burden of Disease Study Shows World's People Living Longer but with More Disability," Washington Post, December 13, 2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com/.
(Just the first line of the footnote is indented.)
Bibliography Entry:
Brown, David. "New Burden of Disease Study Shows World's People living Longer but with More Disability." Washington Post, December 13, 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/.
(Bibliography Entries has a hanging indent.)
Citations are based on A Pocket Guide to Writing History: Ninth Edition by Mary Lynn Rampolla and A Pocket Style Manual: Seventh Edition by Diana Hacker and Nancy Sommers.
Last Updated: April 2018